Intensity ratings were unaffected by presentation duration (500ms vs 3000ms), or attitudes towards mask wearing. Additionally, when viewing all expressions except surprise, masks increased the perceived intensity of non-intended emotions (i.e., emotions that the actor did not intend to convey). We found that the perceived intensity of intended emotions (i.e., the emotion that the actor intended to convey) was reduced by the presence of a mask for all expressions except for anger. For each of these facial expressions, we measured the perceived intensity of all six emotions. ![]() In an online experiment with 120 participants (82 female), we investigated how the presence of face masks affects the perceived emotional profile of prototypical expressions of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise. ![]() In the present study, we adopted a complementary emotion-intensity rating paradigm to study the effects of mask-wearing on expression interpretation. Moreover, because categorisation paradigms force observers to pick a single label to describe their percept, any additional dimensionality within observers’ interpretation is lost. For example, when predicting an interactant’s future behaviour, it is useful to know whether they are slightly fearful or terrified, contented or very happy, slightly annoyed or angry. While the ability to categorise particular expressions is important, this approach overlooks the fact that expression intensity is also informative during social interaction. To date, studies of the effects of mask-wearing on emotion recognition have used categorisation paradigms: authors have presented facial expression stimuli and examined participants’ ability to attach the correct label (e.g., happiness, disgust). Recent findings suggest that it is harder to categorise the facial expressions of masked faces, than of unmasked faces. The use of surgical-type face masks has become increasingly common during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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